feat: documentation and cleanup pass over all objects

src/core/character.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void Character::act() {
 void Character::draw() {
 	if(this->health > 0) {
 		Render::draw(this->location, this->data->sprite);
-	} // else { // draw gore pile
+	}
 }
 
 bool Character::deal_damage(int damage) {

src/core/character.h

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ private:
 	void set_character(Character *character);
 };
 
+// Character's stats as a struct that's easilly made into a flyweight to share around
 struct CharacterData {
 	int health{1};
 	int damage{1};

src/core/input.cpp

@@ -12,16 +12,20 @@ InputHandler::~InputHandler() {
 	Input::remove_handler(this);
 }
 
-KeyEventHandler::KeyEventHandler(std::set<SDL_Scancode> code, Listener listener, bool allow_repeat)
-: scancode{code}
+KeyEventHandler::KeyEventHandler(std::set<SDL_Scancode> codes, Listener listener, bool allow_repeat)
+: scancodes{codes}
 , listener{listener}
 , allow_repeat{allow_repeat}
 {}
 
 void KeyEventHandler::process_event(SDL_Event event) {
+	// check if this event is an event related to keys
 	if((event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN || event.type == SDL_KEYUP)
+	// check if it is an allowed event (either non-repeated or repetition is allowed)
 	&& (event.key.repeat == 0 || this->allow_repeat)
-	&& this->scancode.contains(event.key.keysym.scancode)) {
+	// check if it is one of our keys
+	&& this->scancodes.contains(event.key.keysym.scancode)) {
+		// trigger event, notifying it if the key was pressed or released
 		this->listener(event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN);
 	}
 }

src/core/input.h

@@ -7,25 +7,35 @@
 #include <set>
 
 namespace rogue {
+// Interface representing a handler for SDL os events that can be used to handle input
+// Uses RAII to register and deregister with the static input service
 struct InputHandler {
 	InputHandler();
 	virtual ~InputHandler();
 	virtual void process_event(SDL_Event event) = 0;
 };
 
-struct KeyEventHandler : public InputHandler {
-	typedef std::function<void(bool down)> Listener;
-	KeyEventHandler(std::set<SDL_Scancode> code, Listener listener, bool allow_repeat = true);
+// implementation of the InputHandler interface that filters for SDL_KeyEvents that represent a given key or keys being pressed
+// 
+class KeyEventHandler : public InputHandler {
+public:
+	typedef std::function<void(bool down)> Listener; // defines the interface required for listening for key events
+	// from this constructor until the object is destroyed, these settings remain the same, if you need to modify them, recreate the object
+	KeyEventHandler(std::set<SDL_Scancode> codes, Listener listener, bool allow_repeat = true);
+	// handle events passed in from the OS through SDL
 	virtual void process_event(SDL_Event event) override;
-	std::set<SDL_Scancode> scancode{};
-	Listener listener{};
-	bool allow_repeat{false};
+private:
+	std::set<SDL_Scancode> scancodes{}; // scancodes to listen for
+	Listener listener{}; // function to notify when event is triggered
+	bool allow_repeat{false}; // whether or not to allow key repeat (multiple down events before an up on the same key)
 };
 
 class Input {
 public:
+	// register an input handler, registered handlers will be notified when Input::process_event is called
 	static void add_handler(InputHandler *handler);
 	static void remove_handler(InputHandler *handler);
+	// notify registered InputHandlers of an event
 	static void process_event(SDL_Event event);
 private:
 	static std::set<InputHandler*> handlers;

src/core/renderer.cpp

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void Render::provide_render_data(RenderData &data) {
 	Render::data = &data;
 }
 
-void Render::clear(Tile camera_center, unsigned fov) {
+void Render::start_frame(Tile camera_center, unsigned fov) {
 	assert_render_initialized();
 	Render::camera_width = fov;
 	SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(Render::data->renderer, 0u, 0u, 0u, 255u);
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void Render::draw(Tile world_space_tile, Sprite sprite) {
 
 void Render::draw_menu(Sprite menu) {
 	assert_render_initialized();
-	Render::clear({0, 0});
+	Render::start_frame({0, 0});
 	SDL_Rect const rect {
 		.x = window_size.x/2 - window_size.y/2,
 		.y = 0,
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ void Render::draw_healthbar(int current, int max, SDL_Rect area, int border) {
 	SDL_RenderFillRect(Render::data->renderer, &area);
 }
 
-void Render::present() {
+void Render::finish_frame() {
 	assert_render_initialized();
 	SDL_RenderPresent(Render::data->renderer);
 }

src/core/renderer.h

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 namespace rogue {
 // Contains all data required to render the game world
+// IMPORTANT: store this in stack memory within the scope that encompasses the game loop (probably main(..)).
+// When this is destroyed, rendering becomes impossible until a new one is provided to Render
 class RenderData {
 	friend class RenderDataSetup;
 	friend class Render;
@@ -23,45 +25,65 @@ private: RenderData() = default;
 };
 
 // Global interface for rendering
+// Serves as a service locator for render data with a simplified interface
 class Render {
 private:
 	friend class RenderData;
+	// called by render data when it's constructor is called, de-initializes Renderer
+	// once this is called rendering is no longer possible
 	static void clear_render_data();
 public:
+	// provides the render data struct to the renderer, enabling it's use
 	static void provide_render_data(RenderData &data);
 
-	static void clear(Tile camera_center, unsigned fov = 10);
+	// clear the screen and set the camera location for the next frame
+	static void start_frame(Tile camera_center, unsigned fov = 10);
+	// draw a sprite to the screen using it's sprite index
 	static void draw(Tile world_space_tile, Sprite sprite);
+	// draw a menu image that fills screen
 	static void draw_menu(Sprite menu);
+	// draw a healthbar
 	static void draw_healthbar(int current, int max, SDL_Rect area={0,0,500,50}, int border=10);
-	static void present();
+	// finish the frame and swap the buffers
+	static void finish_frame();
 private:
+	// the tile at the center of the camera, set at the start of a frame
 	static Tile camera_center;
+	// number of tiles to render horizontally
 	static unsigned camera_width;
+	// the world offset to apply to sprites when drawing them to put them relative to the camera
 	static Tile camera_offset;
-	static SDL_Point window_size;
-	static int tile_screen_width;
-	static int half_tile_screen_width;
-	static RenderData *data;
+	static SDL_Point window_size; // size of the window, computed at the start of the frame
+	static int tile_screen_width; // width of a tile on the screen in pixels
+	static int half_tile_screen_width; // half of 'tile_screen_width', pre-computed at frame start
+	static RenderData *data; // render data provided to the renderer, rendering is only possible while this is set
 };
 
 // Render configuration, builder for RenderData
 class RenderDataSetup {
 public:
 	RenderDataSetup() = default;
+	// window has to be set up before anything else
 	RenderDataSetup &with_window(char const *name, Uint32 flags);
+	// renderer has to be set up before images can be loaded
 	RenderDataSetup &with_renderer(Uint32 flags);
+	// set the resource path, required to load resources
 	RenderDataSetup &with_resource_path(std::filesystem::path base_path);
+	// load a sprite and register it
 	RenderDataSetup &with_sprite(std::filesystem::path sprite_path);
+	// load a menu image and register it
 	RenderDataSetup &with_menu(std::filesystem::path sprite_path);
+	// construct render-data that can be provided to Render
 	RenderData build();
 private:
+	// helper function for loading SDL textures from filepaths
 	SDL_Texture *load_texture(std::filesystem::path file_path);
 private:
-	unsigned fov{10};
+	// the base path to load images from
 	std::optional<std::filesystem::path> resource_base_path;
-	SDL_Window *window{nullptr};
-	SDL_Renderer *renderer{nullptr};
+	SDL_Window *window{nullptr}; // window created for the application
+	SDL_Renderer *renderer{nullptr}; // renderer created from the window
+	// images loaded from resource_path
 	std::vector<SDL_Texture*> sprites{};
 	std::vector<SDL_Texture*> menus{};
 };

src/core/roguedefs.h

@@ -3,23 +3,29 @@
 
 #include "SDL2/SDL_rect.h"
 
+//
+// commonly reused typedefs and macros
+//
 
+// bitmask of the four cardinal directions
+// would be an enum, but C++ typechecking doesn't like that, so this results in more readable code overall
 typedef unsigned short Directions;
 #define NORTH 0x1u
 #define EAST (0x1u << 1)
 #define SOUTH (0x1u << 2)
 #define WEST (0x1u << 3)
 
+// simple shorthand for wrapping limiting a number by wrapping
+// useful for generating random numbers within a range
 #define WRAP(M_x, M_min, M_max) (((M_x - M_min) % (M_max - M_min)) + M_min)
 
-#define casel(M_switch, M_case)\
-case M_case:\
-M_switch##_case_##M_case
-
+// typedefs that help with differentiating between chunk coordinates and tile coordinates
 typedef SDL_Point Tile;
 typedef SDL_Point Chunk;
+// represents a sprite index
 typedef unsigned Sprite;
 
+// define a comparison function for SDL_Point to make code slightly more readable
 static inline bool operator==(SDL_Point const &lhs, SDL_Point const &rhs) {
 	return lhs.x == rhs.x && lhs.y == rhs.y;
 }

src/core/world.cpp

@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ void World::act_if_requested() {
 
 void World::act() {
 	this->player.act();
-	this->boss.act();
 	for(Character &character : this->characters) {
 		character.act();
 	}
+	this->boss.act();
 }
 
 void World::render() {
-	Render::clear(this->player.location, 20);
+	Render::start_frame(this->player.location, 20);
 	for(size_t i{0}; i < this->rooms.size(); ++i) {
 		this->rooms[i].draw({
 			.x = int(i % this->shear * this->chunk_size),

src/core/world.h

@@ -27,53 +27,81 @@ struct Room {
 	bool tile_is_wall(Tile local_tile) const;
 };
 
-struct World {
+// represents the current state of the game environment and actors
+class World {
 	friend class WorldGenerator;
+public:
 	World();
-	~World() = default;
-	void act_if_requested();
-	void act();
-	void render();
-	Room &get_room(Chunk chunk);
-	Character *get_player();
-	Character *get_boss();
-	Chunk get_chunk(Tile tile);
-	TileData query_tile(Tile tile);
-	void on_input(bool);
+	void act_if_requested(); // will call 'act' when 'turn_requested' is set
+	void render(); // render the world, includes ui, environment and characters
+	Room &get_room(Chunk chunk); // returns the room at the given chunk
+	Character *get_player(); // returns the player character instance
+	Character *get_boss(); // returns the boss character instance
+	Chunk get_chunk(Tile tile); // returns the chunk at the given world-space tile
+	TileData query_tile(Tile tile); // returns data related to the given world-space tile
+	void on_input(bool pressed); // registered with the 'direction_pressed' key event handler
 private:
-	int chunk_size{1};
-	unsigned shear{0};
-	bool turn_requested{false};
-	Character player{};
-	Character boss{};
-	std::vector<Room> rooms{};
-	std::vector<Character> characters{};
-	KeyEventHandler direction_pressed;
+	void act();
+private:
+	int chunk_size{1}; // size of chunks
+	unsigned shear{0}; // number of chunks before the next row (width of the map in chunks)
+	bool turn_requested{false}; // flag for requesting a turn, consumed by 'act_if_requested' set by 'on_input'
+							    // this flag exists (instead of just calling 'act' from 'on_input' to avoid moving the world
+								// before the player's input is registered by the PlayerCharacterLogic
+	Character player{}; // player character, should be instantiated by world generator
+	Character boss{}; // boss character, should be instantiated by world generator
+	std::vector<Room> rooms{}; // all of the rooms in the map in order, this is a 2d array that wraps at 'shear'
+	std::vector<Character> characters{}; // all of the characters in the map, including dead ones
+	KeyEventHandler direction_pressed; // triggered when the player presses any direction, calls 'on_input'
 };
 
+// Builder/factory for configuring and generating game environments and enemies
 class WorldGenerator {
 public:
 	WorldGenerator() = default;
+	// set the chunk size, this also limits the size of rooms,
+	// chunks are always squares with a size of side_length * side_length
 	WorldGenerator &with_chunk_size(unsigned side_length);
+	// set the size of the world,
+	// the world is always a square with a size of side_length * side_length
 	WorldGenerator &with_world_size(unsigned side_length);
+	// set the minimum and maximum side length for rooms,
+	// rooms are generated with random sizes for both width and height
 	WorldGenerator &with_room_size(unsigned min_side_length, unsigned max_side_length);
+	// set reusable factory object for the player
 	WorldGenerator &with_player(Character::Spawner spawner);
+	// add an enemy that can be spawned in rooms,
+	// pass in a factory object and the inverse of the frequency
+	// (think of it as "1 in every N rooms will have this enemy")
 	WorldGenerator &with_enemy(Character::Spawner spawner, int inv_frequency);
+	// set the factory object used to spawn the boss
 	WorldGenerator &with_boss(Character::Spawner spawner);
+	// set the chance that a room will have a connection in inverse frequency
+	// keep in mind this is rolled per room pair that isn't already connected, so 2 times per room
 	WorldGenerator &with_connecting_chance(unsigned num);
+	// generates a new world using the current configuration, requires all settings to be set
 	std::unique_ptr<World> generate();
 private:
+	// set up for Recursive Backtracking Maze Generation
 	void generate_world(std::unique_ptr<World> &world, Chunk start);
+	// Recursive Backtracking Maze Generation
 	void generate_room(std::unique_ptr<World> &world, Chunk const &last);
+	// spawn enemies in a generated room
+	// generates a boss enemy for the first room it's called on.
 	void add_enemies(std::unique_ptr<World> &world, Chunk const &chunk, Room &room);
+	// add the player to a room (does not have to be generated, as the player always spawns at the center)
 	void setup_player(std::unique_ptr<World> &world, Chunk spawn_chunk);
 private:
+	// Factory objects for enemies
 	Character::Spawner player_spawner{};
 	Character::Spawner boss_spawner{};
+	// factory object, inverse frequency
 	std::vector<std::pair<Character::Spawner, int>> enemy_spawners{};
+	// sizes
 	int chunk_side_length{0}, world_side_length{0};
 	int max_room_size{0}, min_room_size{0};
 	unsigned connecting_chance{1};
+	// set by 'generate_enemies' when the boss is generated
 	bool boss_generated{false};
 };
 }

src/enemies.cpp

@@ -10,18 +10,25 @@ Tile CritteLogic::move() {
 	if(this->is_aware_of_player) {
 		// cache query_tile call for repeated use
 		std::function<TileData(Tile)> query_tile{std::bind(&World::query_tile, this->character->world, std::placeholders::_1)};
+		// this could be a few quick vector math operations, but i'm minimizing the C++ features i'm using with SDL structs
+		// difference between the player's location and ours
 		Tile difference{
 			player->location.x - location.x,
 			player->location.y - location.y
 		};
+		// absolute difference, useful for comparing them
 		Tile abs{std::abs(difference.x), std::abs(difference.y)};
-		Tile direction{
+		// signs of the difference
+		Tile signs{
 			difference.x == 0 ? 0 : difference.x / std::abs(difference.x),
 			difference.y == 0 ? 0 : difference.y / std::abs(difference.y)
 		};
-		Tile x_motion{location.x + direction.x, location.y};
-		Tile y_motion{location.x, location.y + direction.y};
-		if(abs.x > abs.y) {
+		// theoretical motion along x
+		Tile x_motion{location.x + signs.x, location.y};
+		// theoretical motion along y
+		Tile y_motion{location.x, location.y + signs.y};
+		// choose either x or y motion depending on which is possible and faster
+		if(abs.x >= abs.y) {
 			if(!query_tile(x_motion).is_wall)
 				return x_motion;
 			else if(!query_tile(y_motion).is_wall) {

src/main.cpp

@@ -37,17 +37,23 @@ CharacterData const critte_data{
 
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	// Game state, simple way of managing which menu/screen the player is currently on
 	GameState game_state{GameState::MainMenu};
+	// World generator, can be used to generate new rooms when the player restarts the game
 	WorldGenerator generator{WorldGenerator()
 		.with_world_size(6)
+			// world generation
 			.with_chunk_size(8)
 			.with_room_size(5, 8)
 			.with_connecting_chance(5)
+		// setup character spawners/character factories
 		.with_player(Character::make_factory<PlayerCharacterLogic>(player_data))
+		// enemies and boss all use the same "AI" with different data
 		.with_enemy(Character::make_factory<CritteLogic>(critte_data), 2)
 		.with_enemy(Character::make_factory<CritteLogic>(critte_data), 3)
 		.with_enemy(Character::make_factory<CritteLogic>(critte_data), 10)
 		.with_boss(Character::make_factory<CritteLogic>(boss_data))};
+	// renderdata, passed to Render but kept here so that RAII will call the destructor when main pops off the stack
 	RenderData data{RenderDataSetup()
 		// create window and renderer, allowing for texture creation
 		.with_window("roguelike", SDL_WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI | SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN)
@@ -65,45 +71,37 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 				.with_menu("escape.png")
 		.build()
 	};
+	// again, provided to the renderer here, but ownership remains local
+	Render::provide_render_data(data);
 	// use <functional> features to capture game_state and listen for input within main()
+	// the victory and death screens only allow jumping back with return/enter
 	KeyEventHandler return_to_main_input{{SDL_SCANCODE_RETURN},
 		[&game_state](bool down) {
-			if(!down) return;
-			switch(game_state) {
-				case GameState::Game: // do nothing, let the input be handled by the world/characters
-				case GameState::MainMenu: // main menu starts with direction input not enter
-					break; 
-				case GameState::GameOver:
+			if(!down) {
+				return;
+			} else if(game_state == GameState::GameOver || game_state == GameState::Escape) {
 				game_state = GameState::MainMenu;
-					break;
-				case GameState::Escape:
-					game_state = GameState::MainMenu;
-					break;
 			}
 		},
 		false
 	};
+	// The game is started by pressing one of the input directions as a soft tutorial
 	KeyEventHandler start_game_input{{
 			SDL_SCANCODE_H, SDL_SCANCODE_J, SDL_SCANCODE_K, SDL_SCANCODE_L,
 			SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT, SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT, SDL_SCANCODE_UP, SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN
 		},
 		[&game_state](bool down) {
-			if(!down) return;
-			switch(game_state) {
-				case GameState::Game:
-				case GameState::GameOver:
-				case GameState::Escape:
-					break;
-				case GameState::MainMenu:
+			if(!down) {
+				return;
+			} else if(game_state == GameState::MainMenu) {
 				game_state = GameState::Game;
-					break;
 			}
 		},
 		false
 	};
-	Render::provide_render_data(data);
+	// create an empty world, filled in when the game is started by the player
 	std::unique_ptr<World> world{nullptr};
-	SDL_Event evt;
+	// main loop, continues until broken out of
 	for(;;) {
 		// DOOM-style menus
 		switch(game_state) {
@@ -115,6 +113,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 				if(world == nullptr) {
 					world.reset(generator.generate().release());
 				}
+				// tick characters (if requested) and render
 				world->act_if_requested();
 				world->render();
 				// game end conditions (player or boss death)
@@ -133,14 +132,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 				Render::draw_menu(2);
 				break;
 		}
-		Render::present();
+		Render::finish_frame();
+		// receive input
+		SDL_Event evt;
 		if(SDL_WaitEvent(&evt)) {
-			if(evt.type == SDL_QUIT) {
-				goto break_main_loop;
+			if(evt.type == SDL_QUIT) { // shortcirquit for quitting when requested
+				break; // quit by breaking out of the main loop
 			} else {
 				Input::process_event(evt);
 			}
 		}
-	} break_main_loop:
+	}
 	return 0;
 }